See helle in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hell"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "Hell"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hell"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "Hell"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:hell"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hell"
},
"expansion": "Old English hell",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hallju"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hallju",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*haljō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haljō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hell, from Proto-West Germanic *hallju, from Proto-Germanic *haljō. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English inflected forms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helles",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helle",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hell",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hælle",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "genitive singular",
"6": "helles",
"7": "or",
"8": "helle",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "helle (genitive singular helles or helle)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"gen": "helles",
"gen2": "helle"
},
"expansion": "helle (genitive singular helles or helle)",
"name": "enm-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "helleware"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 29 24 10 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Afterlife",
"orig": "enm:Afterlife",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 22 18 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Hell",
"orig": "enm:Hell",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 37 30 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"english": "The fire of hell is permanent and forever unextinguished, so that it can always exist to scorch and torment […]",
"ref": "c. 1180, Orͬm, “Secundum Iohannem .XVIII. [John 1:19]”, in Orͬmulum (Bodleian MS. Junius 1), Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire, folio 80, recto; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "Þe fır off helle ıſſ endelæſ. ⁊ aᵹᫌ occ aᵹᫌ unᷠcƿenᷠkedd. Sƿa ꝥ ıtt muᵹͪe laſſtenᷠ. a. To bærnenᷠ. ⁊ to pınenᷠ.",
"translation": "The fire of hell is permanent and forever unextinguished, so that it can always exist to scorch and torment […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"english": "Since heaven, earth, and hell, and everything that's in them, / shall bow before You and bend their knees.",
"ref": "a. 1333, “Poem 15: Eterne rex altissime; Fol. 209v-210r”, in William Herebert, transl., Opera (British Library MS. Add. 46919), Hereford; republished as The Works of William Herebert, OFM (Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse), [Ann Arbor]: University of Michigan, a. 2018:",
"text": "Vor hœ́uene and œ́rþe and helle, and al þat þrinne bœ́n, / To þé shullen bouwen hœm and bénden hœre knœ́n.",
"translation": "Since heaven, earth, and hell, and everything that's in them, / shall bow before You and bend their knees.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
142,
147
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
142,
146
]
],
"english": "But don't fear those who can kill the body, because they can't kill the soul. Instead, fear the one who can destroy both the body and soul in Hell.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 10:28, folio 4, verso; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "and nyle ȝe dꝛede hem þat moun ſle þe bodi .· foꝛ þei moun not ſle þe ſoule / but raþere dꝛede ȝe hym þat mai leeſe boþe bodi and ſoule in to helle",
"translation": "But don't fear those who can kill the body, because they can't kill the soul. Instead, fear the one who can destroy both the body and soul in Hell.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hell (the Christian place of damnation)"
],
"id": "en-helle-enm-name-utgEwpBO",
"links": [
[
"Hell",
"Hell"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian#English"
],
[
"place",
"place#English"
],
[
"damnation",
"damnation#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 51 30 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 42 30 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English nouns with invariant genitive singulars",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 49 26 3 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 29 24 10 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Afterlife",
"orig": "enm:Afterlife",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 37 30 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Limbo (waiting place for souls)"
],
"id": "en-helle-enm-name-6kgSDzcW",
"links": [
[
"Limbo",
"Limbo"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 29 24 10 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Afterlife",
"orig": "enm:Afterlife",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 12 59 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Mythology",
"orig": "enm:Mythology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 37 30 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The underworld in Greco-Roman legend."
],
"id": "en-helle-enm-name-uSK0Oojf",
"links": [
[
"underworld",
"underworld"
],
[
"Greco-Roman",
"Greco-Roman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) The underworld in Greco-Roman legend."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛl(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "helle"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hell"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "Hell"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hell"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "Hell"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:hell"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hell"
},
"expansion": "Old English hell",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hallju"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hallju",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*haljō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haljō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hell, from Proto-West Germanic *hallju, from Proto-Germanic *haljō. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English inflected forms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helles",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helle",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hell",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hælle",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "helle",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"gen": "helles",
"gen2": "helle"
},
"expansion": "helle (plural helles, genitive singular helles or helle)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Death, mortality."
],
"id": "en-helle-enm-noun-l7IFpmN3",
"links": [
[
"Death",
"death"
],
[
"mortality",
"mortality"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A place of suffering or evil."
],
"id": "en-helle-enm-noun-mHh8p9NG",
"links": [
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛl(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "helle"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English nouns with invariant genitive singulars",
"Middle English proper nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱel- (cover)",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Afterlife",
"enm:Hell",
"enm:Mythology",
"enm:Religion"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hell"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "Hell"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hell"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "Hell"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:hell"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hell"
},
"expansion": "Old English hell",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hallju"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hallju",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*haljō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haljō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hell, from Proto-West Germanic *hallju, from Proto-Germanic *haljō. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English inflected forms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helles",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helle",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hell",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hælle",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "genitive singular",
"6": "helles",
"7": "or",
"8": "helle",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "helle (genitive singular helles or helle)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"gen": "helles",
"gen2": "helle"
},
"expansion": "helle (genitive singular helles or helle)",
"name": "enm-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"word": "helleware"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"english": "The fire of hell is permanent and forever unextinguished, so that it can always exist to scorch and torment […]",
"ref": "c. 1180, Orͬm, “Secundum Iohannem .XVIII. [John 1:19]”, in Orͬmulum (Bodleian MS. Junius 1), Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire, folio 80, recto; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "Þe fır off helle ıſſ endelæſ. ⁊ aᵹᫌ occ aᵹᫌ unᷠcƿenᷠkedd. Sƿa ꝥ ıtt muᵹͪe laſſtenᷠ. a. To bærnenᷠ. ⁊ to pınenᷠ.",
"translation": "The fire of hell is permanent and forever unextinguished, so that it can always exist to scorch and torment […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"english": "Since heaven, earth, and hell, and everything that's in them, / shall bow before You and bend their knees.",
"ref": "a. 1333, “Poem 15: Eterne rex altissime; Fol. 209v-210r”, in William Herebert, transl., Opera (British Library MS. Add. 46919), Hereford; republished as The Works of William Herebert, OFM (Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse), [Ann Arbor]: University of Michigan, a. 2018:",
"text": "Vor hœ́uene and œ́rþe and helle, and al þat þrinne bœ́n, / To þé shullen bouwen hœm and bénden hœre knœ́n.",
"translation": "Since heaven, earth, and hell, and everything that's in them, / shall bow before You and bend their knees.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
142,
147
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
142,
146
]
],
"english": "But don't fear those who can kill the body, because they can't kill the soul. Instead, fear the one who can destroy both the body and soul in Hell.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 10:28, folio 4, verso; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "and nyle ȝe dꝛede hem þat moun ſle þe bodi .· foꝛ þei moun not ſle þe ſoule / but raþere dꝛede ȝe hym þat mai leeſe boþe bodi and ſoule in to helle",
"translation": "But don't fear those who can kill the body, because they can't kill the soul. Instead, fear the one who can destroy both the body and soul in Hell.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hell (the Christian place of damnation)"
],
"links": [
[
"Hell",
"Hell"
],
[
"Christian",
"Christian#English"
],
[
"place",
"place#English"
],
[
"damnation",
"damnation#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Limbo (waiting place for souls)"
],
"links": [
[
"Limbo",
"Limbo"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The underworld in Greco-Roman legend."
],
"links": [
[
"underworld",
"underworld"
],
[
"Greco-Roman",
"Greco-Roman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) The underworld in Greco-Roman legend."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛl(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "helle"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English nouns with invariant genitive singulars",
"Middle English proper nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱel- (cover)",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Afterlife",
"enm:Hell",
"enm:Mythology",
"enm:Religion"
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"word": "hell"
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{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "Hell"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hell"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "Hell"
}
],
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"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hell"
},
"expansion": "Old English hell",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hallju"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hallju",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*haljō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haljō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hell, from Proto-West Germanic *hallju, from Proto-Germanic *haljō. The final vowel is generalised from the Old English inflected forms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "helles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "helles",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "helle",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hell",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "hælle",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
}
],
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{
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"g": "",
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"expansion": "helle",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"gen": "helles",
"gen2": "helle"
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"expansion": "helle (plural helles, genitive singular helles or helle)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Death, mortality."
],
"links": [
[
"Death",
"death"
],
[
"mortality",
"mortality"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A place of suffering or evil."
],
"links": [
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɛl(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "helle"
}
Download raw JSONL data for helle meaning in Middle English (7.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.